Michigan Medicine, the University of Michigan Depression Center, and the Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (D.G.W.)
Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (S.A.W., E.A.H.)
Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (S.N., N.S.K.)
Michigan Medicine and the Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.D.P.)
Acknowledgment: The authors thank Dr. Kevin Dombkowski for his expertise and guidance throughout this work.
Grant Support: From the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research (NIDILRR 90RTHF0001-01-00).
Disclosures: Authors have disclosed no conflicts of interest. Forms can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M18-3420.
Editors’ Disclosures: Christine Laine, MD, MPH, Editor in Chief, reports that her spouse has stock options/holdings with Targeted Diagnostics and Therapeutics. Darren B. Taichman, MD, PhD, Executive Editor, reports that he has no financial relationships or interests to disclose. Cynthia D. Mulrow, MD, MSc, Senior Deputy Editor, reports that she has no relationships or interests to disclose. Jaya K. Rao, MD, MHS, Deputy Editor, reports that she has stock holdings/options in Eli Lilly and Pfizer. Catharine B. Stack, PhD, MS, Deputy Editor, Statistics, reports that she has stock holdings in Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson, and Colgate-Palmolive. Christina C. Wee, MD, MPH, Deputy Editor, reports employment with Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Sankey V. Williams, MD, Deputy Editor, reports that he has no financial relationships or interests to disclose. Yu-Xiao Yang, MD, MSCE, Deputy Editor, reports that he has no financial relationships or interest to disclose.
Reproducible Research Statement: Study protocol and data set: Not available. Statistical code: Available from Dr. Peterson (e-mail, [email protected]).
Corresponding author: Mark D. Peterson, PhD, MS, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 325 East Eisenhower, Suite 300, Ann Arbor, MI 48108; e-mail, [email protected].
Current Author Addresses: Drs. Whitney, Warschausky, and Peterson: University of Michigan, 325 East Eisenhower, Suite 300, Ann Arbor, MI 48108.
Dr. Ng and Mr. Kamdar: 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.
Dr. Hurvitz: University of Michigan, 325 East Eisenhower, Suite 200, Ann Arbor, MI 48108.
Author Contributions: Conception and design: D.G. Whitney, E.A. Hurvitz, M.D. Peterson.
Analysis and interpretation of the data: D.G. Whitney, S.A. Warschausky, N.S. Kamdar, M.D. Peterson.
Drafting of the article: D.G. Whitney, S.A. Warschausky, N.S. Kamdar, M.D. Peterson.
Critical revision of the article for important intellectual content: D.G. Whitney, E.A. Hurvitz, M.D. Peterson.
Final approval of the article: D.G. Whitney, S.A. Warschausky, S. Ng, E.A. Hurvitz, N.S. Kamdar, M.D. Peterson.
Statistical expertise: N.S. Kamdar, M.D. Peterson.
Collection and assembly of data: D.G. Whitney, S. Ng.
